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In 2001, PAF was hired by Trowbridge & Wolf
Landscape Architects and Cornell University to conduct a Phase
I archaeological reconnaissance survey on Cornell's west campus.
The survey was initiated by the University's West Campus Residential
Project. During the survey, archaeologists identified a Map
Documented Structure (MDS) in a wooded lot on the east side
of University Avenue. Shovel testing in the area indicated
that the lot contained a relatively undisturbed domestic sheet
midden rich with nineteenth century artifacts. The area was
designated the E. Cornell Site, as the property had once been
owned by Cornell University's co-founder and namesake, Ezra
Cornell.
A Phase II site examination was conducted in
November, 2001 to determine if the E. Cornell Site had sufficient
research potential to warrant eligibility for listing on the
National Register of Historic Places. The excavation of 14
units was accompanied by research into the property's history
and occupants. The results showed that while Ezra Cornell
may have owned the parcel, the house itself was occupied by
a family of Irish-Catholic tenants headed by Christopher Carney.
The excavations yielded thousands of artifacts from the Carney
occupation. In addition, stratigraphic analysis showed that
portions of the site contained a layer of dense organic midden.
The majority of the midden was buried under a layer of sterile
fill. Research showed that the site had been undisturbed since
the MDS was razed at the turn of the century. Based on these
results, the E. Cornell Site was declared eligible for the
National Register.
A Phase III data recovery was conducted in the
summer of 2002, and was accompanied by additional historic
research. An additional 30 units were excavated to sample
the site, with particular emphasis placed on the areas of
organic midden and rich artifact deposits. In all, over 18,000
artifacts were recovered from the E. Cornell Site. This website
outlines the history of the site, the excavations, and presents
some of the results of the project.
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